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Accepted manuscript

The Indian Pulsar Timing Array Data Release 2: I. Dataset and Timing Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2025

Prerna Rana Open the ORCID record for Prerna Rana [Opens in a new window] ,
Pratik Tarafdar Open the ORCID record for Pratik Tarafdar [Opens in a new window] ,
Nobleson K Open the ORCID record for Nobleson K [Opens in a new window] ,
Churchil Dwivedi ,
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Prerna Rana
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400005
Pratik Tarafdar
Affiliation:
The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C. I. T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
Nobleson K
Affiliation:
International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
Churchil Dwivedi
Affiliation:
Astronomy and Astrophysics Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Thaltej Campus, Sindhu Bhavan Marg, Ahmedabad 380059, Gujarat, India Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Valiamala, Thiruvananthapuram 695547, Kerala, India
Bhal Chandra Joshi
Affiliation:
National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
Debabrata Deb
Affiliation:
The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C. I. T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
Sushovan Mondal
Affiliation:
The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C. I. T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
M. A. Krishnakumar
Affiliation:
National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Adya Shukla
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
Jaikhomba Singha
Affiliation:
High Energy Physics, Cosmology & Astrophysics Theory (HEPCAT) Group, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
Himanshu Grover
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
Hemanga Tahbildar
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, India
Abhimanyu Susobhanan
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
Mayuresh Surnis
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, India
Shantanu Desai
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502284, India
Neelam Dhanda Batra
Affiliation:
Department of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, 110007, India
Aman Srivastava
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502284, India Department of Physics, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
Vinay Bharambe
Affiliation:
Department of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, 110007, India
Jibin Jose
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Space Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
Vaishnavi Vyasraj
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502284, India
Shebin Jose Jacob
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Government Brennen College, Thalassery, Kannur University, Kannur 670106, Kerala, India
Amarnath
Affiliation:
Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru 560080, Karnataka, India Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682022, India
Manpreet Singh
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
Zenia Zuraiq
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
Sarbartha Sengupta
Affiliation:
The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C. I. T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
Toki Ogi
Affiliation:
Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto,860-8555,Japan
Dhruv Kumar
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Tripura 799046, India
Jagadeesh S
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Science, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502284, India
Fazal Kareem
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Deep Maity
Affiliation:
The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C. I. T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
Kaustubh Rai
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, India
Kunjal Vara
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, India
Shaswata Chowdhury
Affiliation:
The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C. I. T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
Ryo Kato
Affiliation:
Mizusawa VLBI Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
Swetha Arumugam
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
Pragna Mamidipaka
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
B Arul Pandian
Affiliation:
Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru 560080, Karnataka, India Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru - 560029, India
Kavya Shaji
Affiliation:
National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India School of Physics, University of Sydney, Australia
Thiagaraj Prabu
Affiliation:
Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru 560080, Karnataka, India
P. Arumugam
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
Manjari Bagchi
Affiliation:
The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C. I. T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
Manoneeta Chakraborty
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Space Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
A. Gopakumar
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400005
Yashwant Gupta
Affiliation:
National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
Yogesh Maan
Affiliation:
National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
Avinash Kumar Paladi
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
Keitaro Takahashi
Affiliation:
International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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Abstract

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The Indian Pulsar Timing Array (InPTA) employs unique features of the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) to monitor dozens of the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) millisecond pulsars (MSPs), simultaneously in the 300-500 MHz and the 1260-1460 MHz bands. This dual-band approach ensures that any frequency-dependent delays are accurately characterized, significantly improving the timing precision for pulsar observations, which is crucial for pulsar timing arrays. We present details of InPTA’s second data release that involves 7 yrs of data on 27 IPTA MSPs. This includes sub-banded Times of Arrival (ToAs), Dispersion Measures (DM), and initial timing ephemerides for our MSPs. A part of this dataset, originally released in InPTA’s first data release, is being incorporated into IPTA’s third data release which is expected to detect and characterize nanohertz gravitational waves in the coming years. The entire dataset is reprocessed in this second data release providing some of the highest precision DM estimates so far and interesting solar wind related DM variations in some pulsars. This is likely to characterize the noise introduced by the dynamic inter-stellar ionised medium much better than the previous release thereby increasing sensitivity to any future gravitational wave search.

Keywords

radio telescopesradio astronomyastronomy data analysispulsar timing methodmillisecond pulsarsGravitational wave astronomy

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Type
Research Article
Information
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia , Accepted manuscript , pp. 1 - 34
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Astronomical Society of Australia